Starting an aquarium can be a rewarding hobby, but choosing the right starter kit is key to success. The best overall pick, the Aqueon Aquarium Starter Kit with Smart Clean Filtration, offers a balanced combination of quality and ease of use. For smaller setups, the Tetra LED Half Moon 1.1 Gallon Fish Tank is ideal for compact spaces, while the Tetra LED 55 Gallon Complete Fish Tank Kit provides room for more ambitious setups. The main tradeoffs include balancing size, features, and budget—larger tanks often cost more and require more maintenance, while smaller kits may lack advanced features. Continue reading for a detailed breakdown of these options and what suits different needs best.
Complete the kit
Key Takeaways
- The top-ranked Aqueon kit excels in filtration and lighting, making it ideal for beginners seeking simplicity and reliability.
- Larger tanks like the Tetra LED 55 Gallon provide more space but demand higher maintenance and setup costs, suited for more committed hobbyists.
- Compact options such as the Tetra LED Half Moon 1.1 Gallon are perfect for limited spaces but often lack advanced features found in bigger kits.
- Wi-Fi and Bluetooth-enabled tanks like the Coralife SMART BioCube Jr cater to tech-savvy users wanting remote monitoring.
- Price and size are the main determinants; more features often come at a higher cost, but basic kits can be enough for casual hobbyists.
| Aqueon Aquarium Starter Kit with Smart Clean Filtration and LED Lighting, 10-Gallon |  | Best Overall for Beginners and Intermediates | Tank Size: 10 gallons | Material: Glass | Lighting: LED | VIEW ON AMAZON | See Our Full Breakdown |
| 3 Gallon Glass Small Fish Tank with Filter, Lights, and Lid |  | Best Compact for Space-Limited Environments | Capacity: 3 gallons | Material: Glass | Includes: Filter, LED lights, lid | VIEW ON AMAZON | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Tetra Half-Moon 3 Gallon Fish Tank Kit |  | Best for Panoramic Viewing and Small Fish | Tank Capacity: 3 gallons | Shape: Half-moon | Material: Acrylic | VIEW ON AMAZON | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Tetra LED 55 Gallon Complete Fish Tank Kit for Freshwater Fish |  | Best for Large, Full-Size Aquariums and Enthusiasts | Tank Size: 55 gallons | Dimensions: 48.5 x 12.8 x 20.8 inches | Lighting: White LED | VIEW ON AMAZON | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Tetra LED Half Moon 1.1 Gallon Fish Tank Kit for Betta Fish |  | Best for Small Betta and Miniature Fish Setups | Tank Shape: Half Moon | Tank Material: Acrylic | Capacity: 1.1 gallons | VIEW ON AMAZON | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Tetra LED 55 Gallon Complete Fish Tank Kit for Freshwater Fish |  | Best Overall for Spacious Freshwater Setups | Tank Size: 55 gallons | Dimensions: 48 inches wide x 13 inches deep x 20 inches high | Lighting: LED | VIEW ON AMAZON | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Aqueon MiniBow 5 Gallon Aquarium Starter Kit |  | Best for Small Spaces and Betta Enthusiasts | Capacity: 5 gallons | Technology: SmartClean | Includes: Filter, LED light, water conditioner, setup guide | VIEW ON AMAZON | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Coralife SMART BioCube Jr Aquarium Kit, 14 Gallons, Wi-Fi & Bluetooth Compatible |  | Best for Tech-Savvy Beginners and Versatile Environments | Capacity: 14 gallons | Connectivity: Wi-Fi and Bluetooth | Lighting: White and blue LED | VIEW ON AMAZON | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Tetra 20 Gallon Complete Tropical Fish Tank Kit |  | Best for Tropical Fish Enthusiasts Seeking a Balanced Setup | Capacity: 20 gallons | Dimensions: 24 x 12 x 16 inches | Lighting: LED | VIEW ON AMAZON | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Tetra LED 10 Gallon Fish Tank Kit |  | Best for Beginners Wanting a Compact, Easy Setup | Size: 10 gallons | Dimensions: 20 inches wide x 10 inches deep x 12 inches high | Lighting: LED | VIEW ON AMAZON | See Our Full Breakdown |
| aquarium starter kit | Lighting | Capacity |
|---|---|---|
| Aqueon Aquarium Starter Kit wi | LED | — |
| 3 Gallon Glass Small Fish Tank | — | 3 gallons |
| Tetra Half-Moon 3 Gallon Fish | — | — |
| Tetra LED 55 Gallon Complete F | White LED | — |
| Tetra LED Half Moon 1.1 Gallon | Movable LED | 1.1 gallons |
| Tetra LED 55 Gallon Complete F | LED | — |
| Aqueon MiniBow 5 Gallon Aquari | — | 5 gallons |
| Coralife SMART BioCube Jr Aqua | White and blue LED | 14 gallons |
| Tetra 20 Gallon Complete Tropi | LED | 20 gallons |
| Tetra LED 10 Gallon Fish Tank | LED | — |
More Details on Our Top Picks
Aqueon Aquarium Starter Kit with Smart Clean Filtration and LED Lighting, 10-Gallon
This kit stands out for its balanced approach to beginner-friendliness and versatility, offering a 10-gallon glass tank that works well for both freshwater and saltwater setups. Compared with the larger Tetra 55-Gallon kit, it’s much easier to manage, making it ideal for those just starting out or with limited space. The included SmartClean filtration is straightforward to maintain, and the preset heater simplifies temperature control, though it sacrifices some adjustability for convenience. The comprehensive package means fewer extra purchases, but the limited tank size may restrict the variety and size of fish you can keep. Overall, this kit offers a reliable, all-in-one solution for those seeking a manageable, durable aquarium that can grow with their experience.
Pros:- Easy to set up and maintain, suitable for beginners and experienced hobbyists alike
- Includes all essential components for a complete setup, reducing extra purchases
- Durable glass construction provides clarity and longevity
- Preset heater simplifies temperature management
Cons:- Limited to a 10-gallon size, restricting fish options and growth
- Preset heater lacks adjustability, which might not suit all species
Best for: Beginners and hobbyists who want an easy-to-maintain, versatile starter kit that supports both freshwater and saltwater setups
Not ideal for: Aquarists planning a large or complex community tank—its size and fixed features limit expansion and customization
- Tank Size:10 gallons
- Material:Glass
- Lighting:LED
- Filtration:SmartClean internal power filter
- Heater:Preset 50W
- Temperature:78°F
Our verdict“This kit makes the most sense for hobbyists seeking a balanced, reliable starter that’s manageable yet adaptable.”
3 Gallon Glass Small Fish Tank with Filter, Lights, and Lid
This compact 3-gallon tank is ideal for those with limited space, offering a simple setup with quiet, efficient filtration and adjustable LED lighting. Compared to the larger Tetra 55-Gallon kit, it’s far easier to place on a desk or small countertop, making it perfect for dorm rooms, offices, or small apartments. Its quiet filtration system keeps noise minimal, but the small capacity limits the size and number of fish, and frequent filter cartridge replacements can add ongoing costs. The adjustable lighting enhances plant and fish health, but the limited size may not suit those wanting a more diverse aquatic ecosystem. For users prioritizing space and ease, this tank offers a straightforward, low-maintenance option.
Pros:- Simple to set up and maintain, great for small spaces
- Quiet, efficient filtration system minimizes noise
- Dimmable LED lighting supports healthy aquatic life
- Suitable for both beginners and experienced hobbyists
Cons:- Limited capacity restricts fish size and diversity
- Requires ongoing filter cartridge replacement, adding maintenance costs
Best for: Individuals with limited space seeking an easy-to-maintain, compact aquarium for small freshwater fish
Not ideal for: Experienced hobbyists or those wanting a larger, more diverse community tank—its small size constrains options
- Capacity:3 gallons
- Material:Glass
- Includes:Filter, LED lights, lid
Our verdict“This tank is perfect for space-conscious hobbyists who want an easy, low-effort aquarium for small fish.”
Tetra Half-Moon 3 Gallon Fish Tank Kit
This half-moon acrylic tank offers a unique, 180-degree panoramic view, elevating the aesthetic appeal compared to traditional rectangular tanks like the B0F1T5L1CW. It includes a bubbling LED air stone, filter, and air pump, creating a lively, engaging aquatic display. However, the acrylic material, while lightweight and clear, can scratch easily, and the small 3-gallon size limits fish options and growth. Unlike the more straightforward rectangular tanks, this setup emphasizes visual enjoyment but may require more careful handling. It suits those wanting a visually striking piece for a small space, but less so for dedicated hobbyists focusing on a diverse or larger aquatic ecosystem.
Pros:- Panoramic 180-degree viewing angle enhances visual appeal
- Includes all necessary components for a complete setup
- Color-changing LED bubble curtain adds visual interest
- Easy access for feeding and cleaning with canopy
Cons:- Limited to small freshwater fish due to size
- Acrylic material can scratch easily over time
- No mention of advanced filtration options
Best for: Beginners and hobbyists who want an eye-catching, panoramic setup for small freshwater fish
Not ideal for: Serious aquarists or those seeking a larger, more customizable tank—its small size and acrylic material pose limitations
- Tank Capacity:3 gallons
- Shape:Half-moon
- Material:Acrylic
- Includes:Bubbling LED air stone, filter, air pump, canopy
Our verdict“This kit offers a visually stunning, compact aquarium ideal for small fish and decorative display, with some durability tradeoffs.”
Tetra LED 55 Gallon Complete Fish Tank Kit for Freshwater Fish
This spacious 55-gallon kit provides ample room for a diverse range of freshwater species, surpassing smaller options like the B0DT1VKK9S. Its large size demands more space and potentially more setup effort, but it rewards with a vibrant, stable environment suitable for community tanks. The energy-efficient LED lights create a natural shimmer, and the powerful Tetra Whisper PF60 filter guarantees clean, healthy water. Unlike the more beginner-oriented small tanks, this kit is intended for hobbyists committed to a larger, more complex ecosystem, though the setup process can be overwhelming for newcomers. For those ready to invest in a substantial aquarium, it offers a comprehensive, high-quality foundation.
Pros:- Enables a diverse community of fish and plants
- Includes all necessary accessories for a complete setup
- Energy-efficient LED lighting enhances visual appeal
- Powerful filter maintains water quality effectively
Cons:- Requires significant space and installation effort
- Setup complexity may challenge beginners
- Noise level of the filter is not specified
Best for: Experienced hobbyists or serious newcomers prepared to dedicate space and effort to a large freshwater ecosystem
Not ideal for: New hobbyists or those with limited space—its size and complexity make it less suitable for casual or small-scale setups
- Tank Size:55 gallons
- Dimensions:48.5 x 12.8 x 20.8 inches
- Lighting:White LED
- Filter:Tetra Whisper PF60
- Heater:200-watt
- Included Accessories:Thermometer, fish net, water conditioner
Our verdict“This kit suits dedicated hobbyists looking to establish a large, vibrant aquatic environment with minimal compromise.”
Tetra LED Half Moon 1.1 Gallon Fish Tank Kit for Betta Fish
This tiny 1.1-gallon half-moon tank is designed specifically for bettas or small freshwater fish, emphasizing simplicity and aesthetic appeal. Its clear plastic construction offers an unobstructed view, and the movable LED light allows for adjustable illumination. Compared to larger kits like the 10-gallon Tetra, it’s much easier to place on a desk or shelf, but the limited space restricts fish variety and growth potential. Acrylic material, while lightweight, can scratch easily, and the small volume means frequent water changes are necessary. This setup is ideal for beginners seeking a low-cost, space-efficient option, but it’s less suited for those wanting a more diverse or long-term habitat.
Pros:- Easy to set up and maintain for beginners
- Unobstructed view with clear plastic design
- Adjustable LED lighting for optimal illumination
- Compact and space-efficient
Cons:- Small size limits fish options and growth
- Acrylic can scratch easily
- Requires frequent water changes due to limited volume
Best for: Beginners or hobbyists looking for a simple, attractive setup specifically for bettas or tiny fish
Not ideal for: Those aiming to keep multiple fish or larger species—space and environmental quality are limited
- Tank Shape:Half Moon
- Tank Material:Acrylic
- Capacity:1.1 gallons
- Lighting:Movable LED
- Feeding Access:Feeding hole in canopy
Our verdict“This kit offers a simple, attractive home for small fish like bettas, with space and growth limitations to consider.”
Tetra LED 55 Gallon Complete Fish Tank Kit for Freshwater Fish
This 55-gallon kit stands out for offering a large, versatile freshwater environment with all essential components included, making it ideal for those wanting a substantial tank without additional purchases. Compared with smaller kits like the Aqueon MiniBow 5 Gallon, it provides more space for a variety of fish, but its size and setup complexity might challenge beginners. The included energy-efficient LED lighting creates a natural shimmer that enhances fish colors, while the filter and heater support a stable environment. However, the absence of accessories like background or substrate means extra initial investment, and the setup can be daunting for newcomers unfamiliar with larger aquariums. This makes it perfect for intermediate hobbyists or those ready for a bigger project, but less so for absolute beginners with limited space.
Pros:- Complete setup with all necessary components included
- Energy-efficient LED lighting produces a natural shimmer
- Spacious 55-gallon capacity suitable for diverse freshwater species
Cons:- No additional accessories like background or substrate included
- Setup may be complex for those with no prior experience in large tanks
Best for: Fish keepers seeking a large, ready-to-go freshwater setup with room to grow
Not ideal for: Beginners with limited space or those preferring smaller, simpler tanks
- Tank Size:55 gallons
- Dimensions:48 inches wide x 13 inches deep x 20 inches high
- Lighting:LED
- Filter:Tetra Whisper PF 60 Power Filter
- Heater:200-watt
- Accessories:Includes basic components but no background/substrate
Our verdict“This kit is best suited for hobbyists wanting a sizable, all-in-one freshwater tank after gaining some experience.”
Aqueon MiniBow 5 Gallon Aquarium Starter Kit
The Aqueon MiniBow 5 Gallon excels as a compact desktop tank that combines ease of maintenance with versatility, especially for betta or shrimp keepers. Its SmartClean Technology simplifies water changes, a feature that outperforms many basic kits like the Tetra LED 10 Gallon, which lack such innovations. The kit includes everything needed to start, including a filter, LED light, and water conditioner. However, its small capacity limits the types of fish and aquatic creatures you can keep, and over time, the space may feel restrictive. Its petite size is ideal for urban apartments or desks but makes it unsuitable for larger or more active species. Beginners and those wanting a low-maintenance, space-saving tank will find this appealing, but it’s not for those aiming for a more diverse aquatic environment.
Pros:- Quick water changes with SmartClean Technology
- Complete starter kit with all essentials included
- Ideal for small fish like bettas and shrimp
Cons:- Limited capacity restricts fish choices
- May require additional maintenance over time
- Not suitable for larger or more active species
Best for: Small fish owners or hobbyists with limited space who want an easy, hassle-free setup
Not ideal for: Fish keepers aiming for larger, more complex ecosystems or bigger fish
- Capacity:5 gallons
- Technology:SmartClean
- Includes:Filter, LED light, water conditioner, setup guide
Our verdict“This compact kit is perfect for small-space dwellers seeking an easy-to-maintain habitat for tiny aquatic pets.”
Coralife SMART BioCube Jr Aquarium Kit, 14 Gallons, Wi-Fi & Bluetooth Compatible
The Coralife SMART BioCube Jr offers a sleek, tech-integrated experience with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connectivity, making it suitable for both freshwater and saltwater setups. Its smart lighting, controllable via app, provides a level of customization that appeals to hobbyists comfortable with technology. Compared to traditional kits like the Tetra 20 Gallon, it adds digital control but at a smaller scale, which may limit some larger or more complex setups. The all-in-one design simplifies setup and daily maintenance, but the 14-gallon size might restrict certain species and requires familiarity with app-based controls. This pick is ideal for beginners who appreciate tech features but could be less suitable for those preferring straightforward, manual operation or larger tanks.
Pros:- Smart lighting with app control for easy customization
- All-in-one design simplifies setup and maintenance
- Suitable for both freshwater and saltwater environments
- Includes adjustable nozzles and quiet pump
Cons:- Limited to 14 gallons, not for large setups
- Requires familiarity with app technology, which can be a learning curve
Best for: Beginner hobbyists interested in tech-enabled, versatile aquarium environments
Not ideal for: Aquarists seeking large, traditional tanks or those uncomfortable with app-based controls
- Capacity:14 gallons
- Connectivity:Wi-Fi and Bluetooth
- Lighting:White and blue LED
- Suitable for:Saltwater and freshwater
Our verdict“This kit is best for tech-savvy beginners wanting a versatile, easy-to-control aquarium experience.”
Tetra 20 Gallon Complete Tropical Fish Tank Kit
The Tetra 20 Gallon Kit provides a well-rounded environment for tropical fish, with included essentials like a heater, LED lighting, and internal filtration. Compared to smaller kits like the Tetra LED 10 Gallon, it offers more space for a wider variety of tropical species, making it a good middle ground for hobbyists ready to expand. Its energy-efficient lighting and effective filtration support a healthy, stable environment, though its size means it requires more space and some basic knowledge of aquarium maintenance. This kit is ideal for beginners ready to upgrade from smaller tanks or hobbyists seeking a manageable yet spacious tropical setup. It’s less suitable for those wanting a saltwater or reef environment, as it’s designed primarily for freshwater tropical fish.
Pros:- Complete kit with heater, decor, and supplies
- Energy-efficient LED lighting
- Effective internal filtration system
Cons:- Limited to tropical freshwater fish only
- Requires some maintenance knowledge
- Size may not fit very small spaces
Best for: Beginners or intermediate hobbyists focused on freshwater tropical setups with moderate space
Not ideal for: Those wanting saltwater or reef tanks, or very small spaces
- Capacity:20 gallons
- Dimensions:24 x 12 x 16 inches
- Lighting:LED
- Filtration:Internal filter with Ultra-Activated Carbon
- Includes:Heater, thermometer, water conditioner, decor, setup guide
Our verdict“This kit is ideal for beginners stepping up to a larger, balanced tropical freshwater environment.”
Tetra LED 10 Gallon Fish Tank Kit
The Tetra LED 10 Gallon Kit offers a straightforward, manageable option for newcomers wanting a smaller, yet complete aquarium. Its low-profile design, LED lighting, and internal filter make it easy to assemble and maintain, similar in ease to the Aqueon MiniBow 5 Gallon, but with a slightly larger capacity. The kit’s compact size is ideal for small spaces, but it limits the types and sizes of fish you can keep, and additional supplies are needed for full fish care. Its fragile glass construction requires careful handling, especially in busy households. This makes it a solid choice for beginners with limited space who want a simple, attractive setup, but less suitable for those planning to keep larger or more active fish species.
Pros:- Includes all necessary components for quick setup
- Energy-efficient LED lighting enhances visuals
- Easy to assemble and maintain
Cons:- Limited to 10 gallons, not for larger fish
- Requires additional supplies for comprehensive fish care
- Fragile glass may be prone to breaking
Best for: Beginners seeking a compact, easy-to-maintain tank for small fish or bettas
Not ideal for: Fish keepers wanting larger tanks or more complex aquatic ecosystems
- Size:10 gallons
- Dimensions:20 inches wide x 10 inches deep x 12 inches high
- Lighting:LED
- Filtration:Internal filter with activated carbon
Our verdict“This kit is perfect for small-space beginners seeking a simple, attractive habitat for tiny aquatic pets.”
How We Picked
These products were evaluated based on overall build quality, ease of setup, included equipment, and value for money. I prioritized kits that offer a good balance of filtration, lighting, and tank size suitable for beginners and intermediate hobbyists. Compatibility with different fish types and ease of maintenance also played a role, alongside customer reviews and brand reputation. The ranking reflects how well each kit supports a successful, low-maintenance start to aquarium keeping while considering budget constraints and future expansion potential.
| aquarium starter kit | Lighting |
|---|---|
| Aqueon Aquarium Starter Kit wi | LED |
| 3 Gallon Glass Small Fish Tank | — |
| Tetra Half-Moon 3 Gallon Fish | — |
| Tetra LED 55 Gallon Complete F | White LED |
| Tetra LED Half Moon 1.1 Gallon | Movable LED |
| Tetra LED 55 Gallon Complete F | LED |
| Aqueon MiniBow 5 Gallon Aquari | — |
| Coralife SMART BioCube Jr Aqua | White and blue LED |
| Tetra 20 Gallon Complete Tropi | LED |
| Tetra LED 10 Gallon Fish Tank | LED |
Factors to Consider When Choosing Aquarium Starter Kits
Choosing the right aquarium starter kit involves understanding several key factors that influence both initial setup and ongoing maintenance. Picking a kit that matches your space, budget, and desired fish species can save you time and frustration. Below are some important considerations to keep in mind beyond just the listed features.Tank Size and Space Requirements
Size matters not just for aesthetics but also for the health of your fish. Larger tanks are more stable chemically, making them easier to maintain, but they also demand more space and higher initial investment. Smaller tanks are more affordable and easier to fit into tight spaces but can be more sensitive to water quality swings. Think about where you will place the tank and how much time you’re willing to dedicate to maintenance before choosing a size.
Filtration and Water Quality
Good filtration is critical for a healthy aquatic environment. Many starter kits include basic filters, but the quality and capacity vary widely. A filter that suits the tank size and bioload will help keep the water clean and reduce maintenance. Avoid overly simplistic filters for larger tanks or those with high fish loads, as poor filtration can lead to algae blooms and fish stress.
Lighting and Compatibility
Lighting impacts not only the visual appeal but also the health of your fish and plants. Kits with adjustable LED lighting offer flexibility, especially if you plan to add live plants. Conversely, basic lighting might suffice for simple setups with hardy fish. Consider if the kit’s lighting system is compatible with future upgrades or plant growth to avoid replacing components prematurely.
Ease of Setup and Maintenance
Starting with a kit that’s straightforward to assemble and maintain will encourage regular care and help prevent common issues like algae buildup. Features such as built-in filters, easy-access lids, and clear instructions are valuable. Avoid overly complex kits if you’re a beginner, as they can become overwhelming and discourage consistent maintenance.
Budget and Long-Term Value
While it’s tempting to go for the cheapest option, investing a bit more often results in better quality and durability. Consider the total cost, including replacement parts and future upgrades. A slightly higher initial investment in a well-designed kit can reduce expenses down the line and improve your overall experience.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is it better to buy a larger or smaller starter kit?
Choosing between a larger or smaller kit depends on your space, budget, and long-term plans. Larger tanks offer more stability and room for fish but cost more and require more maintenance. Smaller tanks are more affordable and easier to manage but can be less forgiving of water quality fluctuations. If you’re a beginner, starting with a 20-gallon tank might strike the right balance—large enough to be forgiving but manageable for a novice.
Do I need special equipment for certain fish species?
Yes, different fish have specific needs that can influence your choice of equipment. For example, bettas thrive in tanks with gentle filtration and warmer water, while tropical community fish often require stable, well-filtered environments. Always research your intended species before buying a kit, and ensure the included equipment is compatible or plan for upgrades if necessary.
Can I upgrade a basic starter kit later?
Most starter kits are designed with compatibility in mind, allowing for certain upgrades like better filters or lighting. However, some integrated systems may be limited in scope. If you anticipate expanding or upgrading your setup, look for kits that offer modular components or are compatible with standard aquarium equipment. This flexibility can save you money and hassle in the future.
What features should I look for if I want a low-maintenance tank?
For a low-maintenance setup, prioritize kits with high-quality filters, LED lighting, and easy access for cleaning. Larger tanks tend to be more stable and forgiving, reducing daily care needs. Avoid kits with overly complex or fragile components, and consider models with automatic feeders or built-in filtration systems that simplify routine tasks.
Is a Wi-Fi compatible tank worth the extra cost?
Wi-Fi enabled tanks can be very convenient, allowing remote monitoring of water parameters and system status. This feature is especially useful if you travel frequently or want to keep a close eye on water quality without daily manual testing. However, it often comes with a higher price tag, so assess whether the added convenience aligns with your level of interest and budget.
Conclusion
For most beginners, the Aqueon Aquarium Starter Kit with Smart Clean Filtration stands out as the best overall option thanks to its balanced features and reliable performance. Those with limited space or a tight budget might prefer the Tetra LED Half Moon 1.1 Gallon Fish Tank for its compact size and ease of use. Hobbyists seeking a larger, more customizable setup should consider the Tetra LED 55 Gallon Complete Fish Tank Kit for its capacity and upgrade potential. If you prioritize advanced features like remote monitoring, the Coralife SMART BioCube Jr offers a tech-savvy experience. Ultimately, the best choice depends on your space, experience level, and budget—match these factors carefully to ensure a successful start.
